My Father Goes to Court

Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Today, in the United States as in other countries populated largely by immigrants, the culture is influenced by the many groups of people that now make up the country. Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, or skills acquired through experience or education. It can refer to the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); it can be more or less formal or systematic. [1] In philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology; the philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as â€Å"justified true belief. † However, no single agreed upon definition of knowledge exists, though there are numerous theories to explain it. Belief – a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing Social Norm Pattern of behavior in a particular group, community, orculture, accepted as normal and to which an individual is accepted to conform. folkway, the learned behaviour, shared by a social group, that provides a traditional mode of conduct. Mores-The accepted traditional customs and usages of a particular social group. Law is a term which does not have a universally accepted definition,[2] but one definition is that law is a system of rules an d guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. Sanction- A penalty, specified or in the form of moral pressure, that acts to ensure compliance or conformity. Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture. [1][page needed] The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs andreligion. Cultural relativism is a principle that was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students. Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: â€Å"†¦ civilization is not something absolute, but †¦ is relative, and †¦ our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our civilization goes. â€Å"[1] However, Boas did not coin the term. The first use of the term recorded in the Dictionary was by philosopher and social theorist Alain Locke in 1924 to describe Robert Lowie's â€Å"extreme cultural relativism†, found in the latter's 1917 book Culture and Ethnology. [2] The term became common among anthropologists after Boas' death in 1942, to express their synthesis of a number of ideas Boas had developed. Boas believed that the sweep of cultures, to be found in connection with any sub species, is so vast and pervasive that there cannot be a relationship between culture and race. [3] Cultural relativism involves specific epistemological and methodological claims. Whether or not these claims necessitate a specific ethical stance is a matter of debate. This principle should not be confused with moral relativism. Xenocentrism is the preference for the products, styles, or ideas of someone else's culture rather than of one's own. 1] The concept is considered a subjective view of cultural relativism. [2] One example is the romanticization of the noble savage in the 18th century primitivism movement in European art, philosophy and ethnography. [3] A cultural universal (also called an anthropological universal or human universal), as discussed by Emile Durkheim, George Murdock, Claude Levi-Strauss, Donald Brownand others, is an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all hum an cultures worldwide. Taken together, the whole body of cultural universals is known as the human condition. Evolutionary psychologists hold that behaviors or traits that occur universally in all cultures are good candidates for evolutionary adaptations. [1] Some anthropological and sociological theorists that take a cultural relativist perspective may deny the existence of cultural universals: the extent to which these universals are â€Å"cultural† in the narrow sense, or in fact biologically inherited behavior is an issue of â€Å"nature versus nurture†.

Earth Liberation Front Essay

With over 600 criminal acts resulting to more than $100 million in property damages, the Earth Liberation Front has been dubbed as the most active and destructive domestic terrorist group in the United States by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Unlike international terrorism, mostly carried out by Muslim radicals seeking â€Å"Holy War† with America, domestic terrorism falls under the category of special interest extremists according to the FBI, the lead agency in counterterrorism. Special interest extremists conduct acts of politically motivated violence to force segments of society, including the general public, to change attitudes about issues considered important to their causes. These groups occupy the extreme fringes of animal rights, pro-life, environmental, antinuclear, and other movements (FBI, 1999, p. 20). The ELF conducts random economic sabotage by destroying facilities and industries involve in logging, genetic engineering, energy production and auto making to prevent the exploitation of the natural environment. The group believes that in order to preserve the earth’s ecological balance they have to tear down the U. S. capitalist economic system that continually abuses nature for profit. James F. Jarboe, FBI’s Domestic Terrorism Section Chief, testified in 2002 before the U. S. congress describing the ELF as the top domestic terror group which could become a serious threat to nuclear sites. In 2005, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security branded ELF as the most aggressive terrorist element among the radical environmental movement. Members, who call themselves â€Å"Elves†, engage in a new brand of hostility named eco-terrorism. They are committed to defend their cause by all means necessary through direct actions and revolutionary violence. Due to the autonomous nature of the movement with no formal chain of command, law enforcement agencies admitted that they have difficulty in infiltrating the group despite several major arrests and indictments. The FBI alleged that William C. Rodgers was the leader of the group. He was arrested in December 2005 but committed suicide while in jail using a plastic bag. ELF’s base of operation is mainly located in Canada, United Kingdom, and United States. Origin: ELF originated in 1992 in Brighton, England devoted to protect and save the environment. It was established by a more radical group of activists known as Earth First who thinks that criminal acts like economic sabotage would better advanced its cause rather than legal protests. The name was derived from another movement Animal Liberation Front (ALF) who likewise use the same method in promoting their ideals of liberating the animals from abuse. The two organizations forged alliance in 1997 and have claimed more than 1,200 criminal acts causing over $100 million in property damages for the past 15 years. Members employ illegal direct actions by using arson in confronting companies and practices they see as abusive and immoral. With such tactic they hope to impose economic loss or cripple business operations. ELF surfaced in America in 1996 by burning a U. S. Forest Service truck in Oregon’s Willamette National Forest and spray-painted the building with anti-logging slogans. Since then, ELF continued attacking big businesses year after year becoming the most wanted terrorist group. The movement is funded by wealthy benefactors and other allied organizations sympathetic to its cause like the People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). Organization, Ideology and Tactics: ELF is an underground movement with a decentralize structure. It is a loose network of small groups or individuals who sympathize with the movement. Anyone can be a member as long as he or she simply follows the ELF’s guidelines: to inflict maximum economic damage on those profiting from the destruction and exploitation of the natural environment, to reveal to, and to educate the public about the atrocities committed against the earth and all species that populate it and to take all necessary precautions against harming life (Rosebraugh, 2004, p. 18). The group is practically invisible with no official members, leaders or spokesperson. In this manner, they can continue to freely fight for their cause without the fear of being imprisoned and this practice has been proven to be very effective. The group is rooted in an ideology that considers all living organisms on earth possess moral rights and deserve equal care as the humans. In addition, the ELF also believes in deep ecology favoring the rollback of civilization and restoring the environment damaged by selfish interests brought about by the industrial age. This philosophy maintains that modernization has created endless injustices on the planet that will lead to the destruction of human existence on earth and the extinction of wildlife habitat. ELF recognizes that the environmental movement has failed to bring the message across and brought about changes in preserving the environment. The legal protests did not catch the attention of the public and the government but instead laws have encouraged many big businesses to profit from the exploitation of the earth’s natural resources. Members of the group believe that it is within their rights to protect the environment and enforce the natural law. They accomplish their mission in many innovative tactics or techniques. Their primary weapon is arson burning various properties, research laboratories, vehicles, equipment, and buildings. They would use crude incendiary devices like candles that are attached to a plastic jugs filled with gasoline. They use booby trapped letters with poisoned razor blades and issue death threats to exploiters. Members also engage in vandalism by spray painting their targets as well as break windows and glue locks. In addition, the ELF advocates â€Å"monkeywrenching,† a euphemism for acts of sabotage and property destruction against industries and other entities perceived to be damaging to the natural environment. â€Å"Monkeywrenching† includes tree spiking, arson, sabotage of logging or construction equipment, and other types of property destruction (FBI, 2002,  ¶10). Their main goal is merely to channel public attention to their cause and not kill people. So far of all the criminal acts the group committed there has been no single human casualty reported. The group has become effective in their campaign while eluding authorities because of its leaderless resistance. Leaderless resistance is a technique by which terrorist groups can carry out violent acts while reducing the risk of infiltration by law enforcement elements. The basic principle of leaderless resistance is that there is no centralized authority or chain-of-command. The various cells are linked by shared ideology but otherwise are autonomous, for the most part unconnected and unknown to each other (Leader & Probst, 2004, p. 2). Before an attack is executed, the group plans carefully its every move. Members would thoroughly study the target with video and photo surveillance, conduct intelligence gathering, and research the industry. In 2001, the ELF came out with a handbook entitled Setting Fires with Electrical Timers: An Earth Liberation Front Guide. The 37-page manual details how to assemble an Old-Fashioned Kitchen Timer and a SCR Digital Timer complete with instructions, tips, diagrams, materials, and tools needed. It advises members on the rules of a successful arson, where to place incendiary devices, and fuel requirements to burn down a building. Currently, ELF has launched a nationwide campaign of arson against genetic engineering and genetically modified organism activities. The group believes that these actions, genetically alternating life forms, are types of oppression and destruction. In its Illegal Incidents Report: A 25 Year History of Illegal Activities by Eco and Animal Extremists, the Foundation for Medical Research in Washington, D. C. noted that both ELF and its partner ALF were responsible for 529 attacks against research facilities, universities, drug discovery companies, and various organizations from 1981 to 2005. The assaults were made up of vandalism (45%), theft (23%), harassment (15%), arson (10%), and bombing (7%). According to U. S. law enforcement, radical environmentalism currently poses the most visible homegrown threat to the national security of the United States. As recently as June 2004, the FBI designated â€Å"eco-terrorism†Ã¢â‚¬â€the use of or threat to use violence in protest of harm inflicted on animals and the world’s biosphere—as the country’s number one militant challenge emanating from inside its own borders (Chalk, Hoffman, Reville, & Kasupski, 2006, p. 47). Criminal Activities: This shadowy movement has unprecedented record of criminal activities that continuously threaten American society and democracy. Their history of violence expands across the U. S. hitting various institutions such as government, private citizens, education, and other forms of development. In 1997, ELF burned down the Bureau of Land Management horse corral in Oregon and on the following year set fire on a ski resort in Vail, Colorado that resulted in $12 million in damages. The group set seven separate fires destroying three buildings and damaging four chairlifts. The FBI considered this event as the most destructive act of eco-terrorism in U. S. history. In 1999, ELF radicals were involved in the burning of an 8,000 square-foot structure of the Boise Cascade logging company in Monmouth, Oregon and the destruction of the Agricultural Hall of the Michigan State University. In September 8, 2001, the group burned a McDonald outlet in Tucson causing $500,000 in damages. In 2003, this extremist set fire on a housing complex that was under construction in San Diego knocking down a five-storey building and a 100-foot crane. The damage was estimated at $50 million. Six weeks later, they burned three other houses that were being built within the area. In addition, the ELF assaulted three car dealers in Southern California setting ablaze 40 Hummers and SUVs amounting to $2 million in damages. The group vandalized the cars by painting the words â€Å"Fat Lazy Americans†. They did the same in Los Angeles where 125 sport utility vehicles were also vandalized and burned inside auto dealer shops and along the neighborhood. According to FBI investigations the ELF were responsible for attacking vehicle dealerships and construction sites. In February 2005, the group burned down a new Pinewoods apartment complex in Sutter Creek, California with an incendiary device leaving a graffiti that said â€Å"We Will Win – ELF†. Five months after, the same group torched two homes that were under construction in Whatcom County, Washington causing $100,000 in damages to the other house while the other one was destroyed. They also vandalized and damaged a number of construction equipment. The arson campaign went on in 2006 with the burning of more houses. In Camano Island, Washington, the ELF set fire on a 9,600 square foot trophy house worth $3 million. In its official communication made in 1997, the ELF declared their struggle to free all species in the planet. We are the burning rage of this dying planet. The war of greed ravages the earth and species die out every day. ELF works to speed up the collapse of industry, to scare the rich, and to undermine the foundations of the state. We embrace social and deep ecology as a practical resistance movement. We have to show the enemy that we are serious about defending what is sacred. Together we have teeth and claws to match our dreams. Our greatest weapons are imagination and the ability to strike when least expected (Pickering, 2007, p. 10). Operation Backfire: In response to the attacks, the FBI initiated in 2004 Operation Backfire intended to investigate acts of terrorism by the ELF. It put together several independent investigation bodies from the agency’s Portland, Oregon field office and rounded up suspected eco-terrorists. Seven people were arrested in four different states. They were Stanislas Meyerhoff, Chelsea Gerlach, Daniel McGowan, Darren Thurston, Kevin Tubbs, William Rodgers, and Kendall Tankersley. In addition, five others were taken into custody namely Jonathan Paul, Josephine Overaker, Rebecca Rubin, Suzanne Savoie and Joseph Dibee. Federal prosecutors together with U. S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales indicted in 2006 11 suspects with 65 counts of conspiracy charges to commit arson in Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, Colorado and California. Many of those apprehended turned informants for the government. The arrests and indictments were the outcome of a nine-year old investigation on the series of arsons in America where the ELF claimed responsibility. The operation is on going around the country. Those participating in the investigation besides the FBI are the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the Eugene Police Department, the Portland Police Bureau, the Oregon State Police, the U. S. Forest Service, the U. S. Bureau of Land Management, the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the Oregon Department of Justice and the Lane County Sheriff’s Office. Some of those arrested have been convicted of the crime in U. S. Federal Courts. They are as follows: Stanislas Meyerhoff – 13 years, Kevin Tubbs – 12 years 7 months, Chelsea Gerlach – 9 years, Kendall Tankersley – 3 years 10 months, Suzanne Savoie – 4 years 3 months, Darren Thurston – 3 years 1 month, Daniel McGowan – 7 years, Jonathan Paul – Sentencing in abeyance, Joyanna Zacher – 7 years 8 months and Nathan Block – 7 years 8 months (DOJ, 2007,  ¶4). Other suspects were released on bails while some were placed on restrictions pending their trial. A few decided to cooperate while the rest remain imprisoned. Operation backfire was highly criticized because of coercion and paid informants. Other sectors called the bold move unconstitutional but Atty. General Gonzales argued that such acts only constitute violent criminal activity, which may violate the right of every U. S. citizen. Conclusion Terrorist groups like the ELF are anti-progress and as long as development continues they will not stop their modus operandi in terrorizing the public and businesses, which already have incurred heavy losses. The scenario is extremely dangerous and alarming. It is imperative that authorities and intelligence organizations have to assess the threat and study the behavior of these terrorists who are becoming more advanced and knowledgeable in their strategies. There is a need for effective counterstrategies to detect and prevent acts of terror at the same time proper allocation of resources in order to efficiently combat these adversaries. As a loose organization, ELF could become even more dangerous because its members do not follow any rules. The group constantly poses great risk to the country’s democracy, endangers American lives and undermines the constitution that guarantees protection to the citizens. There is also possibility that such group could turn violence as a way of life and spread its corrupt ideals to the younger generation, which is already affected by media violence. For the government to combat this kind of domestic terrorism, it has to take more proactive actions in preventing further destructions to the economy. While doing so, its programs should remain within the framework of freedom without violating one’s constitutional rights. Authorities must strengthen their intelligence network to prevent arson attacks. Though the ELF has its right to voice their concerns, they must be contained and stopped immediately. References FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation). (1999). Terrorism in the United States 1999. Counterterrorism. 30 Years of Terrorism: A Special Retrospective Edition. Threat Assessment and Warning Unit Counterterrorism Division. Report. Federal Bureau of Investigation Rosebraugh, C. (2004). Burning Rage of a Dying Planet (P): Speaking for the Earth Liberation. Lantern Books, New York. Leader, S. H. & Probst, P. (2004). The Earth Liberation Front and Environmental Terrorism. Retrieved December 2, 2007, from http://cjc. delaware. gov/PDF/ELF%20ALF%20article. pdf Chalk, P. (2006). Trends in Terrorism: Threats to the United States and the Future of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act. RAND monograph series. RAND Center for Terrorism Risk Management Policy. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA. ISBN: 0833038222 Pickering, L. J. (2007). Earth Liberation Front 1997-2002. Arissa Media Group; 2nd ed. , New York. FBI. (2002). Testimony of James F. Jarboe, Domestic Terrorism Section Chief, Counterterrorism Division, FBI Before the House Resources Committee, Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health. http://www. fbi. gov/congress/congress02/jarboe021202. htm DOJ (Department of Justice). (2007). Final Sentencing Hearing Held in Case of Earth Liberation Front (ELF) and Animal Liberation Front for Acts of Eco-Terrorism in Five Western States. Press Release. Retrieved December 2, 2007, from http://portland. fbi. gov/dojpressrel/2007/elfsentencing080307. htm

Stryker Marinas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stryker Marinas - Essay Example This is an important consideration which reflects the total costs involved in the ownership and all the operations of the yacht business. Costs involve several factors including the cost of buying new yachts from builders which takes up to 70% of the total business expenses, wages, rents, utilities, depreciation of products, and other miscellaneous expenses. Other costs will involve introducing new features and products in the yacht business and in retaining our clientele. We treat the concept of communications in a broader focus beyond simple promotion activities. Communication takes many forms including print and electronic advertising, viral advertising, public relations, and all other forms of communication between the company and both potential and existing clients (Schulz, Tannenbaum, & Lauterborn, 1993). We never underrate the importance of person to person or word of mouth communication as a promotional tool. The company will also maintain a significant presence in yachting magazines and boat shows. Basically, convenience deals with making the process of finding and purchasing yachts as well as searching for information about yachts easy and less cumbersome. This involves having several models and brands readily available to give customers different options to assist them make the best decisions. With the increased use of the internet in marketing, maintaining an online presence as well as having physical stores in lucrative locations such as Hong Kong will bring the business closer to the

Risk But, Wasnt That a Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk But, Wasnt That a Disaster - Essay Example Turner, from his research work and a later published book â€Å"Man Made Disasters†, establishes that clear patterns can be drawn out of every disaster that takes place due to human negligence (Turner, 1978). These patterns according to him are clearly divisible in six steps. He also argues that humans can do much more than just witness a catastrophe. Similarly, Perrow in his published book â€Å"Normal Accidents† mentions that due to the fact that people are incompetent when it comes to ‘handling complexity’ (Perrow, 1984) therefore accidents at composite facilities come by easily. Both, Turner and Perrow’s work is highly regarded, which were only possible due to society’s resolve to find a way to avoid accidents. Turner also points out in his above-referred works that usually it is the un-tested innovation that causes the disaster. He refers to accidents at Hixon in 1968 and Summerland in 1973. Moving from physical disasters to corporate ones, the writer talks about the opportunity for isomorphic learning wherein firms specialize in a special segment and engineer the best possible way of doing that job. This way significant time is saved as organizations can outsource a particular activity and don’t have to spend the time to learn it to do the right way. Not only this complex processes can be better performed by the taskmasters. Errors in these processes are usually human, and therefore learning to deal with infrequent events is what isomorphic learning is all about. Analyzing these disasters one realizes how similar they are at the time of happening. Human errors are seen to be a major player as far as financial disasters are concerned. Therefore, according to the writer, there is a severe need to learn from these mistakes so that such incidents can be avoided. Although the work that the writer of the article has cited from the authors is pretty much credible, however, more supportive work would make the argument stronger. Incorporating research and studies gives a lot of weight to the examination.  

Apartheid System and its impact on Education in South Africa Essay

Apartheid System and its impact on Education in South Africa - Essay Example The population of the country is talented and hard working. In spite of these factors, the country faces hard core racism. The oppression of the white population over the blacks resulted in forced slavery and exploitation of land and human beings (Abdi, 2002, p. vii). The apartheid period continued for over four decades in South Africa and in that period race discrimination was ruthlessly implemented in schools and they were highly effective. It is a monumental task for the government to undo the effects of apartheid from the education system (Fiske and Ladd, 2005, p.14). This paper focuses on the apartheid system in South Africa and its impact on the education policies. Background History of Apartheid in South Africa In the seventeenth century the Dutch descendants who were knows as Boers or Afrikaners were dominated by the English. This was followed by establishment by the Dutch of new colonies like Orange Free State and Transvaal. In the year1900, diamonds were excavated in these regions. This led to the Boer war when the English invaded these lands. The conflict centering on power sharing between the English and the Boers remained till the 1940s when the Afrikaners National Party became stronger. To control the economic and social system, the National party invented the apartheid system. Initially the goal of apartheid was to maintain the minority rule of the white and curtailing the rights of the black population. Racial discrimination was given a formal shape when the apartheid laws were enacted in 1948. In 1950, the South African people were classified into three racial groups which were white, black (African) or colored (mixed decent). The colored group mainly contained the Indians and the Asians. Apartheid laws led to segregation of every aspect of social life which included education and medical care. Public services provided to the black people were inferior to those provided to the white people. Marriage was prohibited between the whites and the non -white groups. Residential areas were segregated by forceful removal of the black population. These laws were strongly implemented and anyone who did not abide by the laws was given harsh punishments. The Blacks were required to carry identity proof to enter into the non-black areas (The History of Apartheid in South Africa, n.d.). In 1953, Bantu Education Act was passed to segregate the education system of South Africa by which the Blacks were denied education leading to certain positions in the society. The Blacks were prepared to lead the lives of labour class (O’Malley, n.d.). Analysis Impact of Apartheid system on Education One of the most oppressive laws of apartheid was the Bantu Education Act of 1953. Before the Act was implemented most schools in Africa were missionary schools and were partly funded by the State. Under this Act education system was segregated and most schools began to be controlled by the government. Governments began to put forward conditions to sch ools to start racially discriminatory curriculum before agreeing to provide financial aid. As protest many missionary schools did not allow extension of apartheid system in their education system and chose to close down. This system of bringing all schools under the control of the new government was faced opposition from school organisers, parents and students. The major subject of the protests was to ban the separate education system for the Black and promote a common education system for the entire population of South Africa. The government which was controlled by the whites declared that the structure of Bantu education was such that the blacks will be trained to become labours ignoring what other abilities

Insurance Training Proposal Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Insurance Training Proposal Plan - Assignment Example The assignment "Insurance Training Proposal Plan" aims to develop a training proposal plan for an insurance company. Due to high attrition rate, the insurance company has been recently facing risks of financial losses and issues related to its sustainability. The organization has repeatedly failed to retain its trained members. The insurance company needs to be very cautious about their hiring and training practices, considering the current pitfalls of their training program. Correspondingly, to have an insight of the limitations persisting in the training program applied by the company, two types of data will be required, i.e. qualitative and quantitative. Both these types of data will be gathered from the trainee members, who have completed 2 weeks in this phase, which will help to identify their perceptions and its gap from the applied concepts in the training period. The data required will be obtained through a sample survey, which will allow the participation of all trainee memb ers in the organization, complying with the selection criterion (i.e. 2 weeks of their participation in the training program). The survey will be conducted on the basis of Likert scale, wherein five categories will be considered to judge the perceptions of the respondents. The Likert scale will include five point categories ranging from strongly disagree, disagree, uncertain, agree and strongly agree. The chart given below represents the closed-ended quantitative questions to interpret the responses on the basis of Likert scale.

Community outreach project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Community outreach project - Essay Example The mission of initiating a new service is to evaluate community-based library outreach programs using various components that are paired with relevant alternative strategies. In order to achieve its mission, there are various strategies that have to put into consideration to facilitate the process of community outreach program in the field of nursing. However, this paper intend to discuss two of those strategies and these encompasses directional strategy and market strategy. From research, a directional strategy is frequently developed focusing on different components such as, progress, steadiness, as well as cost cutting (Addis & Gamble, 2004). Therefore, for an organization intending to introduce a new service for patients, before establishing a directional strategy, it is vital to define the main objective of such an action. For instance, the main intention of this new service is to increase profits and cut costs at the same time, while improving the lives of patients through the community outreach program. By identifying the objective of introducing the new service, it becomes easier to choose the best type of directional strategy that suits the outreach program (Kreuter, Lezin & Young, 2000). For example, by using cost-cutting strategy, it will be easy to carry out rationalizations, eradicating particular products from the line before introducing the new one, or even file for impoverishment or selling out. The significance of a directional strategy is to play as a control to direct an organization through both peaceful and unsettled times (Berwick, 2003). Directional strategy helps in maintaining the objective of the new service to be introduced in the market; it also stabilizes and helps in the expansion of profits as well as makes it possible for the business to move forward with its activities without losing tract of the intended project. The key objective of a directional strategy is to keep the business focused in the planned manner probable while pr oceeding to expand both returns and services provided to patients in the community outreach program. In most cases, directional strategies enable the introduction or the initiation of the new service to develop in one of the two paths. These include either perpendicular or straight expansion. In this case, vertical expansion implies that introducing the new service will focus on present clients and clients increase their spending on the new service or establishing new clients with the new service. On the other hand, horizontal expansion encompasses pursuing new customers and those clients in the immediate location to enjoy the new service that is being offered. It also involves enlarging the outreach to other areas in order to expand the client base of the new service. Another strategy that will be used in this process includes the market strategy. As it is known, a strategy is always a long-term plan that is established to attain particular objectives. Thus, a market strategy is a plan developed to attain marketing goals for the new service intended to be introduced in the nursing field (Whitney, Dutcher& Keselman, 2013). For instance, marketing goal may be to initiate a new service by appreciating clients or patients. The strategic plan thus is the complete planning that includes marketing research, and then establishing a marketing mix to appreciate clients. It is essential for every business or organization

Tort Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Tort Law - Essay Example It should be seen in the sense that, the most courts do not mark out the bounds of duty that limits the defendant responsibility. What they sometimes do is protecting the interests of the individual who is seen to have suffered a loss. However, it is also important for the courts to be able to limit the defendant’s responsibilities because of the problems arising due to â€Å"floodgates†. In addition, sometimes the courts treat certain groups of defendants leniently through limiting their liabilities in some of the cases 1 On the other hand, the courts can decide to draw a line marking out the duty bounds to protect the interest as well as giving out compensation to the individuals who have gone through suffering and injury. This act of fairness is considered the major aims of tort law. Limitations placed on the defendants responsibilities act as a fundamental necessity to prevent a situation in which countless, potentially tenuous or spurious, claims that are against the tortfeasor. The policies that restrict the bounds of duty try to ensure justice and reasonable compensation to the victim. This is done without exposing the claimants to a given level that he or she might get tempted and the defendants to such a hard labor that would be as a result of lack of policies and precedent. Many attempts have been there to help in establishing the bounds on duty such as Dongue v Stephenson that has gone through development, to more recently the Caparo test that states that the act or omission must be foreseeable, just and proximate, fair and reasonable in order to have a care of duty. This case was central to the formation of duty of care, which was which was an important concept that limited the responsibility by outlining the idea of a reasonable man. The Capro test evolved from this case, and it is becoming clear that many courts are attempting to defendants responsibilities. Another case

The Impact of Web Based Cancer Information on Patient Outcomes Article

The Impact of Web Based Cancer Information on Patient Outcomes - Article Example There is a plethora of information available online on almost every known cancerous condition and the patients are aware about the treatment modalities available both in the modern western system of medicine as well in alternate systems of therapy. Self-help groups, blogs, renowned hospitals, pharmaceutical and disease-specific organizations besides the government healthcare departments and international healthcare authorities like the WHO (World Health Organization) offer the latest information on their websites which is accessible to the patient at all times. The latest research and development (R&D) findings are continuously updated to keep the data current. Due to this information and communication explosion, the patient has become more enlightened and is now fully aware of the implications of compliance with the recommended healthcare guidelines. Patient outcomes, therefore, stand to improve tremendously in the coming years as more progress is made in this direction. Studies on the impact that ICT has made on patient outcomes have been vigorously pursued in the recent past and research and analysis show that it has had a deep and permanent effect on the practice of modern medicine. The growth of the evidence-based practice, immaculate record keeping and vigorous follow-ups after treatment have improved the administration of healthcare protocols and yielded better results in patients. Increased use of patient interactive software has allowed the physicians to identify and know their patients in a better manner and this has resulted in ensuring better patient compliance. The overall effects have been positive in nature and the level of satisfaction has increased for both the patient as well as the healthcare professional.

How Personal Can Ethics Get Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How Personal Can Ethics Get - Essay Example 953). Two very different individuals may carry with them two entirely different perspectives of the world. These perspectives possess a viable potential to influence the individuals’ preferences concerning a variety of considerations in the organizational workplace. One area of an organization which is undoubtedly influenced by personal differences and (related differing preferences) is ethics. S.J. Reynolds (2006) finds that â€Å"individual differences can interact with issue characteristics to shape moral awareness† (qtd. Trevino, Weaver, & Reynolds, 2006, p. 954). As such, two different people may perceive an ethical dilemma differently. For example, one person may perceive the existence of nepotism in the workplace as a coincidence in which an employer’s relatives happened to be best suited for a job. Another person may perceive the existence of nepotism in the workplace as a breach of ethics in which fair hiring principles are abandoned in favor of personal interest. Whereas the former may derive their opinion from a personal experience in which a family business proved fruitful, another may harbor grievances concerning high levels of unemployment effecting his or her family, community, or self. The former maintains an ethical preference for directly helping one’s friends and family, while the latter maintains an ethical preference for indirectly helping one’s friends and family by maintaining fair and equal hiring practices. An organization containing both hypothetical individuals is subsequently shaped and form by the shifting dynamic of their conflicting ideals. Discuss how organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics. The ethical preferences of members of an organization are shaped by individuals’ predisposed positions on varying issues as well as externally imposed policy and procedure. As such, an organization’s policies and procedures can impact criterion for ethical dilemmas as well as e thical results substantially. Wotruba, Chonko, and Lo (2001) identify three primary functions executed by codes of ethics in an organization. First, codes of ethics can demonstrate a concern for ethics by the organization. In this manner, an organization may elect to create a code of ethics in an attempt to convey a general awareness and reverence for ethical observation and conduct in the workplace. For example, a company might create a code of ethics which is read and understood by its newly hired employees during their training in an effort to effectively communicate that the company is aware of ethics and embraces ethics as a high priority in the workplace. Second, codes of ethics can â€Å"transmit ethical values of the organization to its members† (Wotruba, Chonko, and Lo, 2001, p. 59). This function is substantially more specific than the former function, which seeks to convey a simple, general awareness of ethics as an existent priority within the workplace. Instead, ethical values transmitted to members of an organization by the organization are designed to create a better understanding of what an organization is and what values it holds most dear. For example, a service-oriented organization might include â€Å"putting the customer first† as an ethical priority in the w

Cirque Du Soleil Essay Example for Free

Cirque Du Soleil Essay Danielle Savoie cant fold herself into a pretzel or spin around on her head. But she walks a tightrope every day managing the information systems that make it possible for the Cirque du Soleil to entertain more people each year than the Yankees and Red Sox combined. The circus, which features astonishing acrobatics and Broadway-caliber music and dance productions, started out as a novelty in 1984 with one show and little fanfare. But this year, 11 different shows on four continents will entertain more than 7 million spectators paying up to $125 each to see a circus without animals. Savoie, the companys vice president of information technology, is struggling to keep pace. Why? Over the past five years, the number of software applications used by Cirque du Soleil employees has ballooned from roughly 40 to more than 200. Although these tools run a wide range of operations—from handling human resources and finance to making costumes and scheduling performing artists—these applications could not share data. This shortcoming threatened productivity or even the prospects for a show to go on without major headaches if, for example, a spotlight wasnt delivered to the right place or a performer couldnt be quickly found to replace someone who had bec0me sick. Savoie realized the organization needed to install software that would give employees access to these applications and databases without completely redesigning the systems setup, which she had pieced together on the fly. Consider the logistics that Savoie and the Cirques 3,300 employees must track: Six of the 11 shows are constantly in motion, touring North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. More than 250 tractor-trailers haul 700 tons of equipment around the world each day. More than 20,000 performers must be scheduled, transported and tracked for these shows. So must costumes and stage equipment. The database for just the alterations of these costumes has 4,000-plus entries and is growing every day. This juggling act, which combines acrobats, dancers and trapeze artists with elaborate lighting and musical production, has made Cirque du Soleil a $500 million corporation in just two decades. All of which is great news for Guy Laliberte, the shows co-founder and a former fire-eating stilt-walker. But for Savoie and her staff, Cirque du Soleils fantastic growth and unique culture created an information systems disarray not uncommon to any organization that grows real big, real fast with neither the luxury of time nor the benefit of experience to develop an ideal plan to deploy software to manage the free-wheeling monster. When I got here in 2000, I was the only I.T. person, Savoie says. Now we have 100 people on staff. Because of the way weve grown, we have to make up for lost time right now. During this boom, Cirque du Soleil added show management software used to make or order costumes and assign artists, as well as point-of-sale systems for merchandise. Many of the applications were developed in-house because of Cirque du Soleils unique business. Where did Savoie start? With basic applications to support day-to-day operations in the midst of the growth spurt. The company implemented SAP software for human resources, logistics and finance in 2000 and, later, installed a full-blown version of SAPs enterprise resource planning software for procurement, costume manufacturing, and event and artist scheduling. But it was using Microsoft Windows 2000 and Office XP for most of its other applications, including the companys Web site, its intranet, the point-of-sale system, and myriad other programs such as one to track the performers medical records. Most of these applications, however, couldnt communicate with each other. Moreover, the individual troupes traveling through North America or Europe were running their applications on different operating systems, and as a result, these troupes acted more like independent businesses instead of parts of a larger organization. And the arrangement made it difficult for workers across these different business units to collaborate, Savoie says. We had data in lots of different places, but could only combine it and analyze or utilize it manually, she recalls. As recently as six months ago, for example, production managers on any traveling troupe arriving at its destination would begin by conducting an inventory of all the equipment needed for a given performance. The lights, speakers, stage, decorations and the posts needed to suspend the enormous tent were all tracked with paper and pen. And when the manager realized something was missing, he or she would have to pick up a phone and call back to company headquarters in Montreal to get a replacement. Usually, the item in need made it to the location in time for theperformance. When it didnt, the crew would either have to buy a replacement locally, scramble to get it from another troupe or just do without. Equipments one thing, but performers are harder to replace in a pinch. There is a finite number of people on the planet who can pull off the acrobatic feats that take place during a Cirque du Soleil show. There are more than a dozen Olympic medalists in the organization. Scheduling performers based on the characters needed for each show is a full-time job. Each character has specific costume and makeup instructions, which are stored in a database. Then theres the matter of feeding the performers and support staff. In these traveling cities, more than 300 meals are prepared each day requiring thousands of pounds of meat, seafood and fresh produce. Getting on the Same Page To give employees access to data and tools from more than 200 applications running on multiple operating systems, Savoie embarked on a year-long project to install IBMs WebSphere Business Integration Server Express Plus software to connect her disparate systems. The goal: Organize all the application environments onto a single, standardized platform for access and development. We wanted to [streamline] our in-house applications with the financial data we have with our SAP applications to create one vision of all our information, Savoie says. We needed a common language for all our applications. The IBM WBI Express software was implemented on IBM eServer xSeries 245 and 355 systems. The project took just over a year from start to finish and cost roughly $175,000. Savoie and her team, along with IBM consultants, broke up the project into four separate pieces. The first phase took place during 18 weeks in which Cirque du Soleils information-technology staff and IBM consultants deployed the methodology of the project. They essentially determined what functions and applications they wanted to integrate into the SAP planning system as well as how they wanted to collect, disseminate and access information from the various applications. This is the most important part of any integration software implementation, says Yefim Natis, an analyst at Gartner who tracks IBM WebSphere implementations. You dont just plug this in. You have to think through all the processes and get all the people involved in the same room to discuss what they want and how they want to do it. Savoie says this part of the project was fairly straightforward. For example, they didnt want to reconstruct existing connections between applications used in the field by production managers. They merely wanted to be able to gather all the inventory, sales and performer data into one field and have it accessible to everyone from either a PC or a handheld device. Next, Cirque du Soleil spent four months building the Web interface to the planning system so that information could be accessed, edited and analyzed from the corporate intranet. The project was completed in May. Under the five-month-long third phase, financial information was consolidated. Data on ticket sales, procurement, merchandising and other financial matters that had been stored separately on either the Windows operating system or the SAP system was now connected so that executives could get a snapshot view of the entire company. Finally, the developers spent the last 2 1/2 months integrating the Cirque du Soleil intranet with its online help-desk system so performers, managers and other staff could resolve problems quicker instead of exchanging phone calls about scheduling deliveries or other issues. Now that everyone had access to the same information regardless of the application or operating system from which it had originated, Cirque du Soleil could begin to make strategic business decisions with a global vision. For example, when a key performer was unavailable to work because of illness or injury, the staff could sift through the database of all performers with that particular expertise from any computer in the organization. Then they could find a replacement who was available and closest to the production in need. At the same time, they could pull up the performers work history, measurements and biography to aid the costume designers in making alterations, and the marketing staff who create the programs and advertising materials. All sales conducted at the fixed and mobile sites—T-shirts and the like—are now automatically downloaded to the system and available to executives in real time, rather than an unpredictable and often delayed collection of manual documents from far-flung locations. When new products are needed to stock the show in Sydney or Seattle, Cirque du Soleil now knows exactly how manyT-shirts it needs by size and style, and can order them in bulk for delivery the next day. The operational efficiencies are important, but the flexibility our developers now have is just as important, Savoie says. Now, when we install another best-of-breed application or develop one of our own, we dont have to worry about what works with which system. We know that it all can be adapted to one common language. Efficiency Behind the Scenes Back on the streets, the production managers are also benefiting from the behind-the-scenes improvements made in Montreal. Now that the integration software has been implemented, production managers use an entirely new system to create an inventory of equipment necessary for the new mobile city. Instead of checking off a paper list of all the lights, cameras, speakers and stage materials needed for a production, each piece of equipment is tagged with a bar code thats scanned by a handheld device connected to the network. Cirque du Soleil says these mobile devices have cut in half the time it takes to inventory an entire 180,000-square-foot mobile city, and virtually eliminated errors. Its something that no one sees because it doesnt affect the day-to-day performance, Savoie points out. Its too early to say exactly how much money weve saved, but I know that going forward, the time well save just on the development side makes it worthwhile. [pic] Cirque Du Soleil Base Case Headquarters: 8400 Second Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1Z 4M6 Phone: (514) 722-2324 Business: Provides live performances that combine acrobatics, opera and traditional circus performers in 11 different production groups scattered throughout the world. Vice President of Information Technology: Danielle Savoie Financials in 2004: Reported sales of more than $500 million. Challenge: Implement IBM WebSphere Business Integration software to connect all of its disparate systems and applications. BASELINE GOALS: †¢ Grow revenue by 8% to $540 million in 2005, from $500 million in 2004. †¢ Reduce development time for software connecting business and performance-related applications from eight to six weeks. †¢ Trim time spent connecting business software applications to corporate intranet from 20 to 16 weeks. - Cirque du Soleil performs balancing act with CGI [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Integrator takes over IT functions for Montreal-based entertainment company [pic] [pic]4/11/2006 5:00:00 PM [pic][pic]by Vawn Himmelsbach, www.itbusiness.ca | | |Cirque du Soleil has signed a 10-year IT outsourcing contract with CGI, valued at $130 million. Montreals world-renowned| |entertainment company, which combines circus and theatre, wanted to offload some of its less strategic IT functions as | |its operations expand around the globe. | |â€Å"We have very rapid growth and we wanted to leverage the infrastructure provided by CGI,† said Danielle Savoie, CIO of | |Cirque du Soleil. | |As part of the contract signed last week, CGI is in charge of providing IT operations, help desk and application | |evolution of Cirques global infrastructure, including its Montreal headquarters, four permanent shows in Las Vegas and | |one permanent show in Orlando. | |This involves transferring 84 IT positions to CGI from Cirque du Soleil in Montreal, Las Vegas and Orlando. A certain | |number of technicians have stayed on with Cirque to perform more strategic IT roles. | | CGI is also in charge of the IT infrastructure behind Cirques travelling shows. On tours, only one technician is | |required to set up the IT infrastructure, such as point-of-sale and ticketing applications (since Cirque runs a | |centralized IT infrastructure out of Montreal). | |Cirque will keep IT strategy and direction in-house, as well as global planning and architecture design. â€Å"We didnt want | |to lose this strategic knowledge,† said Savoie. â€Å"When we want to re-engineer some part of our business processes, its | |important to have this knowledge.† | |CGI will manage its PCs, servers and the help desk, said Normand Paradis, vice-president of business engineering with CGI| |Group Inc. in Montreal. â€Å"We will also take over support and evolution of the portfolio of applications.† This includes a | |wide range of applications, from administrative functions like payroll to tour equipment, costumes and merchandise. | | Over the course of the lifecycle of these applications, modifications are made to respond to new business requirements, | |said Savoie. â€Å"Every year we have to make some evolution in this portfolio,† she said, adding CGI is now responsible for | |these modifications. | |â€Å"They have over 100 applications of various sorts we will be maintaining for them from strictly administrative to | |(costumes),† said Paradis. | |â€Å"They design and build these costumes (and) we provide the IT support behind that,† he said. â€Å"But its just one of the | |things they do – for them its really all about intellectual property.† This includes costumes, music, even the acts | |themselves – all of which are part of the intellectual property theyre managing. And they have to use a lot of systems | |to do that, he said, in order to protect it properly. In its aquatic show â€Å"O† in Las Vegas, for example, costumes | |deteriorate quickly in water, so CGI will keep track of items like costumes, diving equipment and maintenance. | |â€Å"On top of that they run a large financial system and large payroll system,† he said. â€Å"For a circus, doing the payroll is| |not exactly their core activity, but it better get done because if the guys dont get paid youre not going to see too | |many shows.† | |This is the beginning of CGIs foray into the entertainment and sporting event sectors, which it began last year with the| |World Aquatic Championships in Montreal. CGI expects its partnership with Cirque du Soleil to strengthen its expertise | |within these areas. â€Å"For us its working with a major player,† said Paradis. â€Å"They have a very strategic brand [and] they| |are well known on a global basis.† | |The transition process to outsource these IT functions started last week and will take place ov er the coming 12 months. |

Watson and the Shark Painting Analysis

Watson and the Shark Painting Analysis John Singleton Copley (1738 1815), was an American painter born in Boston, Massachusetts. From the time Copley began to paint at the age of fifteen, many people throughout Massachusetts admired his paintings; also, people from other colonial cities recognized his portrait paintings. A big inspiration and benefit to him was his stepfather, Peter Pelham, a successful English engraver, painter, and teacher[1]. At the age of twenty-one Copley left Boston to travel around Europe to learn more about the art of painting. First, he went to London where he met Benjamin West, a respected painter around Europe and an established painter in the Royal Academy. While in London, he learned different techniques from West. These techniques seemed common in London, but were unknown in America. Copley wrote in a letter back home to his stepfather telling him about a simple technique he had learned â€Å"†¦Before painting, make drawings.†[2] From there Copley moved on to Paris where his confidence grew even more as he saw firsthand paintings from the best known painters in Europe at the time. As he got the chance to see works from his two favorite artists, Poussin and Rubens, Copley started sketching every time he saw something he thought was a beautiful form.3] When he arrived in Rome, Copley would rise early in the morning and sketch reliefs and antique statues at the French Academy. Although confident about his abilities to sketch and paint, he worked humbly on all the details of his painting projects. At the end of his stay in Rome, Copley faced a hard decision; return to America, the country he was born in and loved, or move to London where his art career would flourish. At this time, the American Revolution had started and he feared for the wellbeing of his family back in Boston. Although the fear for his family was strong, Copley decided that moving to London would be the only place where he could sell his historical paintings, for which he had been working on tirelessly around Europe. While he was trying to make this hard decision, his family was already on a ship to London unbeknownst to him.[4] This painting is the story of Brook Watson, which took place in Havana harbor, Cuba around 1749 when he was only fourteen years old. Watson, an orphan was working as a crewmember on a trading ship. While he was swimming alone out in the harbor early in the morning, a shark attacked him. His shipmates ran to his rescue, but not before the shark attacked him at least two times. According to tales, Watson and Copley met while they were traveling from Boston to England in 1774. However, history says that Watson never traveled that year. Copley must have heard the story and its details from Londoners who might have been Watsons political followers.[5] Watson and the Shark is a large oil painting on canvas measuring 183.51 x 229.55 cm (fig. 1). Copley decided to depict the dramatic scene where Watson was about to be attacked for the third time by a shark. This painting is a work during Copleys English period; it was such a great success from the beginning that it was put on display at the Royal Academy in 1778. Watson, who is naked in this painting and the shark attacking him are in the foreground (fig. 1). The shark has already devoured Watsons right leg, as we can see from figure 1 Watsons right leg is missing from the knee down. The shark is turning toward Watson, with its mouth wide-open and sharp teeth suggests that he is not satisfied, and is returning to finish what he has started.[6] Besides Watson, in a small boat, two of his shipmates are reaching to grab him and pull him on the boat. One of them is trying to fight off the shark by plunging a harpoon at the monster from the bow of the boat. A rope thrown at him is dangling useless in the water. This painting has captured a moment of fear and sadness in the faces and eyes of every man on that boat. The quiet waters of the harbor serve Copley in the composition of the painting to bring the viewers attention to the action. Copleys placements of elements in the painting allow the viewer to trace the action. The boat is coming from the harbor toward the shark. The movement of the shark that is taking a turn and a part of his body is outside the painting. We can clearly follow the movement of the harpoon that the sailor is plunging toward the shark. In addition, the movement of the men toward the boy makes the scene even more tragic. (Fig. 1). Watson and the Shark, even though off center, are the focal points in this painting. The artist has successfully made this a tragic scene, by making Watson appear as he is frozen in the moment, portraying him exactly the way he was in those moments struggling for his life. The shark with his mouth wide open and his sharp teeth painted in detail make the scene even more dramatic to the viewer. The artist has portrayed Watson naked in the water helpless on his back, which shows him as very vulnerable. His has a freighted look in his face, with his mouth and eyes wide open looking directly at the shark, which seems to represent the evil predator, and one hand up as if he is reaching for help from the heavens. The artist has painted the sun rising in contrast with the situation, but has also put the light on Watson the shark and the crewmembers trying to get him out of there. The predominant color is sea green with some brighter colors in the background. These somber colors contribute in depicting these tragic moments in this scene. Sadness is all over the faces of men in the boat. The composition is centered at the man in the middle of the boat. All around him there is action. Lines seem to be less important than shapes for the artist in this painting. The artist has been very careful in painting the men on the boat and depicting their actions, so that the story and individual actions of each man in this scene would be very clear to understand to the viewer. However, the most details have gone to portray the situation in which Watson is in, and to show his vulnerability. While most reviews around this painting describe it as a painting that is describing a historical event, Irma Jaffe mentions in her journal, John Singleton Copleys ‘Watson and the Shark,† that people have missed one very important aspect of Copleys life; his religious life. As Jaffe points out, Copley was a very religious man, he went to church every Sunday and religion had played an important role in Copleys view of himself as well as an artist. She says that this painting is about â€Å"resurrection and salvation†[7] In her journal, she takes on the symbolism of the shark as a monster as described in the Bible and the symbolism of water as a life-giver and a trial in the Bible. Jaffe then analyzes all the other elements. It is noticeable that Copley has taken poses from earlier sculptures and put them in his painting. He has taken them and put them in different positions to accomplish his final painting. Copley made the effort to paint every detail. The shark has very detailed features; his teeth and eyes were painted in detail to show the true nature of this evil creature. Watsons hair, his eyes, and his facial expression were painted in detail. Copley really wanted the viewer to get involved in the tragic story that had happened to his patron, Brook Watson. [1] Rebora, Carrie.John Singleton Copley in America. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1995. p. 79. [2] Plate, Robert.John Singleton Copley Americas First Great Artist. United States of America: David McKay Company, Inc., 1969. p. 100. [3] Plate, Robert.John Singleton Copley Americas First Great Artist. United State of America: David McKay Company, Inc., 1969. p. 101. [4] Plate, p. 105-109 [5] Jeffery, Margaret. A Painting of Copleys English Period.Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series1.4 (1942): 148. Web. 03 Mar 2010. [6] Jeffery, p. 148 [7] Jaffe, Irma B. John Singleton Copleys Watson and the Shark.American Art Journal9.1 (1977): 15-25. Web. 03 Mar 2010.

Animal Cells: Types and Functions

Animal Cells: Types and Functions I chose to do my research paper on an animal cell because I thought it would be interesting to see how an animal cell works. Animal are very complex when it comes to determining where the cell is found, the function of the cell, and all the organelles names and functions. An animal cell has many contents and thats why its very complex and important. The animal cell contents are cell membrane, Lysosome, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, centrosome, cytoplasm, rough er, smooth er, ribosome, and Golgi body. The cell membrane is a thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. This is also called the membrane semipermeable which means allowing some substance passing through the cell and blocking others. The Lysosome is spherical organelles that function as a recycling center and a garbage disposal. Powerful digestive enzymes concentrated in the Lysosome break down worn out organelles and ship their building blocks to the cytoplasm where they are used to construct new organelles. Lysosomes also dismantle and recycle protein, lipids, and molecules. The digestion of a cells nutrients takes place here. A nucleus is a spherical body containing many organelles including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell by controlling protein synthesis and it also contains DNA chromosomes. The nucleus is also surrounded by the nuclear membrane. It is the largest organelle in an animal cell and it contains numerous strands of DNA. Long sections of eukaryotic DNA pack into the nucleus by wrapping the proteins. While the cell begins to divide, each DNA strand folds over itself several times forming a rod shaped chromosome. Another content of the animal cell is the nucleolu s. A nucleolus is an organelle within the nucleus and it is where the ribosomal DNA is produced. Also I believe cells have more than one nucleolus. A nuclear membrane is a membrane that surrounds the nucleus. A vacuole is a fluid filled membrane with surrounded cavities inside a cell. The vacuole is being filled with food that has been digested and wastes that are coming from the cell. The mitochondrion is a spherical rod shaped organelle with two membranes. The inner membrane is infolded many times forming a series of protections called cristae. The mitochondrion converts the energy stored into the glucose in ATP. ATP stands for adenosine triphate. This molecule serves as an energy battery for countless cellular processes, including the shuttling of substances across the plasma membrane, the building and transporting of proteins and lipids, the recycling of molecules and organelles, and the dividing of cells. A centrosome is a small body located near the nucleus and it has a dense center and radiating tubes. The centrosome is where the microtubules are made. During the process of mitosis, the centrosome divided into two parts and the two parts move to opposite sides. The cytoplasm is the jelly like material outside the cell nucleus where the organelles are located. There are two types of ER. The first type is rough ER. Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough surface and appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the cell and produces in sacks called cisternae, which are sent to the Golgi body or inserted into the cell membrane. The smooth ER is a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes located in the cells cytoplasm. The space inside the ER is called the lumen ER. The smooth ER also transports materials through the cell. The next content is the ribosome. The ribosome is a small organelle composed of RNA and rich cytoplasmic granules that are sited of protein synthesis. The last content of the animal cell is the Golgi body. The Golgi body is a flattened, layered sac like organelle that is located near the nucleus. It also produces the membranes that surround the Lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membranes. The overall function of an animal cell is that they are the building blocks of tissues, organs, and whole organisms. The cell also carries around DNA of an animal. The animal cell has no chlorophyll. Also the animal does not have a cell wall because the animal cell has only cell membranes that are made up of phospholipids bilayer and proteins that hold up and protect the cell and the parts of the cell animal cells are also smaller and have no permanent vacuoles. The animal cell has no cellulose and is made up of almost cytoplasm. The eukaryotic cell is a lot larger than the prokaryotic cell. The eukaryotic is different from the paralytic cell because the eukaryotic cell houses a nucleus and numerous other membrane enclosed organelles. These organelles enable specialized functions to be carried out efficiently. The building pf proteins and lipids take place in separate organelles where the specialized enzymes are located. I loved working on this research paper because it got me thinki ng about becoming a biologist. I thought that cells were just something in your body but now I know its more than that. There is a whole other world.

Martian Rocks :: essays research papers fc

H. G. Wells wrote in his book, "War of the Worlds", about Martian invasion toward earth. He mentioned, "No one would have believed, in the last years of the nineteenth century that this world was being watched keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man's and yet as mortal as his own; that as men busied themselves about their various concerns they were scrutinized and studied, perhaps almost as narrowly as man with a microscope might scrutinize the transient creatures that swarm and multiply in a drop of water." Since then it has now been about 100 years Wells based his well-known story of human's first contact with extraterrestrial life. Now, in the 20th century scientists are starting to believe what was once a fictional story by writers now actually could be real, becoming the stuff of science. In 1994 scientists discovered fragments of meteorites which may in fact prove that signs of early life existed on Mars. Many of these meteorites are found in the Antarctica, extremely cold weathers aid in preserving and fossilizing the fallen meteorites for millions of years. In order for scientists to conclude that the meteorites are from Mars and contain signs of fossilized life or traces of it they must provide sufficient evidence to support their theory. Today, a meteorite from Mars is being closely scrutinized by earthly intelligences. The famous meteorite to bare significant signs of life is the Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001), classified as one of the meteorites thought to come from Mars. Due to the atmospheric data taken by the Viking Lander spacecraft sent to Mars in the 1970s. The data make it possible to know that gases trapped inside the rock is identical to the Martian atmosphere. "It is one of only 12 meteorites identified so far that match the unique Martian chemistry measured by the Viking spacecraft that landed on Mars in 1976" Scientist believed that the ALH84001 blasted off from the surface of Mars about 16 million years ago by a comet or asteroid. The rock orbited in the solar system for a few million years and finally reached Earth about 13, 000 years ago. Investigation into the ALH84001 and the possibilities for containing remains of ancient Martian life was assigned to a team of NASA scientists. Dr. David McKay, Dr. Everett Gibson and Kathie Thomas-Kerpta of Lockhead Martin co-led the team with assistance from a Stanford team led by Professor of Chemistry Dr.

sampson :: essays research papers

[English] PDREADME.TXT MATROX GRAPHICS INC. 2001.01.18 Matrox PowerDesk for Windows 2000 Revision 5.32.010 Contents ======== - Description of this release - Installation - More information - Notes, problems, and limitations Description of this release =========================== Matrox PowerDesk software includes a display driver and display utilities. With this software, you can take full advantage of your Matrox graphics hardware and you can access additional Matrox display-related features. Installation ============ To install Matrox PowerDesk, start the "setup" program included with it, then follow the on-screen instructions. The setup program will only install software if a Matrox graphics card model supported by the setup program is installed in your computer. More information ================ For more information on Matrox PowerDesk, see the help file included with it. For information specific to your Matrox graphics card, see your Matrox or system manual. Notes, problems, and limitations ================================ - DirectDraw, Direct3D and DirectVideo support The DirectDraw driver we provide is compatible with DirectX 2 (or later) and includes Direct3D support. For our DirectDraw/Direct3D driver to be called, and benefit from hardware acceleration, Microsoft DirectX 2 (or later) MUST be installed, even for programs originally made for DirectX 1. Also, if a recent version of DirectX isn't installed, some Matrox PowerDesk features may not be available. We provide DirectX on the Matrox CD-ROM. The latest DirectX is available from the Microsoft Web site, and is included with many DirectX programs. IMPORTANT: If the DirectX setup program prompts you to replace the existing display drivers, click "No". Otherwise, the setup program installs display drivers which are not as optimized as the Matrox drivers and which do not support PowerDesk software. Note that depending on the origin of your Microsoft DirectX software, it may not include DirectVideo support. For faster playback of Indeo and Cinepak AVI files, you should install Microsoft DirectVideo support. - Matrox bus mastering This driver supports bus mastering. Bus mastering is a feature that allows expansion cards to perform tasks at the same time as your computer's CPU. If you have a fast Pentium computer (faster than 166 MHz), the display performance of most programs is improved when bus mastering is used. To use bus mastering with 3D (Direct3D/OpenGL) programs, your graphics card needs an interrupt request (IRQ). Most computers automatically assign an IRQ to graphics cards, but some do not. If your graphics card hasn't been assigned an IRQ, programs that use Matrox bus mastering may not work properly. For more information, see your Matrox or system manual. - DirectDraw and Automatic Power Management As stated in "Microsoft DirectX Release Notes", September 30,

Free Death Penalty Essays: Capital Punishment Around the World :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Capital Punishment Essays - Capital Punishment Around the World The essay pans the whole world and presents the death penalty practices. In the last paragraph the paper focuses on the USA exclusively. Over half the countries in the world have now abolished the death penalty in law or practice: * 75 countries and territories have abolished the death penalty for all crimes * 14 countries have abolished the death penalty for all but exceptional crimes such as wartime crimes * 20 countries can be considered abolitionist in practice: they retain the death penalty in law but have not carried out any executions for the past 10 years or more making a total of 109 countries which have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. 86 other countries retain and use the death penalty, but the number of countries which actually execute prisoners in any one year is much smaller.(Death) More than three countries a year on average have abolished the death penalty for all crimes in the past decade. Over 30 countries and territories have abolished the death penalty for all crimes since 1990. They include countries in Africa (examples include Angola, CÃ ´te d'Ivoire, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa), the Americas (Canada, Paraguay), Asia (Hong Kong, Nepal), Europe (Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Turkmenistan, Ukraine).(Ibid) Once abolished, the death penalty is seldom reintroduced. Since 1985, over 40 countries have abolished the death penalty in law or, having previously abolished it for ordinary crimes, have gone on to abolish it for all crimes. During the same period only four abolitionist countries reintroduced the death penalty. One of them, Nepal, which reintroduced the death penalty for murder, has since abolished it for all crimes; one, the Philippines, has resumed executions, but there have been no executions in the other two (Gambia, Papua New Guinea).(Should) During 2000, at least 1,457 prisoners were executed in 27 countries and 3,058 people were sentenced to death in 65 countries. In 2000, 88 per cent of all known executions took place in China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the USA. In China, the limited and incomplete records available to Amnesty International at the end of the year indicated that at least 1,000 people were executed, but the true figure was believed to be much higher. In Saudi Arabia, 123 executions were reported, but the total may have been much higher. Eighty-five people were executed in the USA.

Construction industry

In construction industry, professionals must be able to follow different rules, policies for designing and building any infrastructure. One of these is the adherence of construction professionals for sustainable design. Accordingly, the practice of enhancing the efficiency of the buildings and their use of water, materials, and energy as well as reduction of building impact on the health of the people and the environment is called sustainable designing or also known as sustainable building.In doing so, the authorities responsible for green building adhere to this needs by conducting an effective and efficient complete building life cycle which include better sitting, designing, constructing, operation, maintenance and removal (Hopkins, 2002). Sustainable design brings together an immense array of approaches and practices to decrease or completely eliminate the negative effects of buildings on the environment.Accordingly, sustainable design can be defined as structures or buildings wh ich have minimum or low adverse effects on both natural and build environment as well as the immediate surroundings and the wider regional and global setting. The adherence of sustainable design can affect my career in many ways. First, sustainable design trends in terms of methods and materials may have a great influence on how I consider the materials and methods that I can use for sustainable designing.being a professional who adheres to the trends of sustainable or green building I can say that this concept affects me in thinking about how the construction materials and methods will affect the occupants. Herein, I am able to determine quality and the conditions of the materials and anticipate its impacts on the health of the occupants.Secondly, this context affects my career in a way that I can be able to be more competitive I using materials which has natural benefit to the design, In this regard, I can be able to be more resourceful and environmental friendly by fitting the co nstruction and its design procedures into the natural environment (Jones, 1998) in order to take advantage of existing free benefits like heat and light from the sun, the shading from the trees as well as the insulation from hillside topography in order to decrease the land impact and the need for non-renewable resources or wasteful use of resources.Lastly, my career can be affected by sustainable design in a way that it will help me broaden my knowledge in identifying the most appropriate and environmental-friendly technological and technical equipments. Some scholars believed that even if technology can enable people to gain sustainability, it also have the capacity to harm the environment if it will not be used cautiously.Hence, being a professional, I can be able to determine which can be used in the sustainable designing. Reference Jones, DL 1998. Architecture and the Environment, Woodstock and New York: The Overlook Press Hopkins, R. 2002. A Natural Way of Building. Transition Culture.

A History of Violence, Released in 2005

A History of Violence, released in 2005, is an Ameri house crime thriller which demonstrates and relates to many topics discussed in Psychology An Exploration. Different psychological disorders and theories can be seen throughout the film. gobbler Stall, the of import character, kills two robbers in self plea and be coiffes a hero. However, his over darkness popularity thrusts him into the office and causes members of an organized crime family to begin harassing gobbler and his family. The mobsters claim tomcat is not who he portrays himself to be.In the beginning of the film, two seek after criminals nonchalantly murder motel workers and a young girl. They exhibit no rue or emotions after the killings and continue on their crime spree. Next they are shown nonchalantly plotting a robbery to obtain specie and a free meal. The two work force walk into the restaurant, demand service, and attempt to breach and murder the workers and patrons within. However, their scheme is a bruptly finish when Tom Stall, the restaurant owner, kills both robbers.both of these criminals displayed unsoci adequate to(p) characteristics. In chapter 12, Psychological Disorders, an antisocial soul or sociopath is be as lacking in conscience or morals users and con artists who become no regret or backbreaking emotions. This definition defines the robbers psyche faultlessly. Intermediately in the film, Tom Stalls son, squatting stall is shown being bullied. Bobby has continually rile and bullied Jack for no apparent reason. usually Jack tells jokes and ignores Bobbys constant harassment.However, in this particular stab, Jack has had enough and retaliates. Bobby is an teen and may be dealing with a psychosocial crisis discussed in chapter 7, Development Across the invigoration Span. Eriksons identity versus role disorderliness is defined as the fifth demonstrate of disposition development in which the immature must find a unvarying sense of self. Bobby may h ave come into this stage without successfully completing the early four stages. The aftereffect of such an occurrence may be a juvenile flea-bitten like Bobby.His acts of bullying may be his way of fitting in or being cool. Tom withal has a daughter, Sarah Stall. In one particular scene Sarah is awakened in the middle of the night by a bad dream. She wakes up screaming and expressing her concern of monsters being in her room. Tom rushes to his daughters advocate and the rest of the family soon follows suit. Tom and others entertain the little girl and emphasize that she is true(p) and has nothing to be afraid of and should go back to sleep.Sarah eventually calms down and is able to go back to sleep. Chapter 7 discusses numerous parenting styles. One of those styles is authoritative parenting which is defined as a style of parenting in which parents immix warmth and affection with firm limits on a childs behavior. Although Toms first instinct was to console Sarah and ease h er mind he also made it clear that it was bedtime and time for her to shut up down and rest. Tom displayed a blameless example of authoritative parenting.After repeatedly denying accusations and claims of being an ex-gangster named Joey, Tom finally admits to his married woman Edie that he was indeed involved in organized crime. Edie is disgusted by Toms confession and becomes ill. She lashes out and says, What are you? Like some multiple personality schizoid Tom is stunned by her anger but replies by express I went out to the dessert and I killed him (Joey). I spent three years becoming Tom Stall schizophrenic disorder is defined chapter 12 as a severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and inability to reveal ideate and reality. Although Toms lifespan as a small townsfolk restaurant owner was completely false, he knew this and could distinguish the difference between fantasy and reality. Tom may have evenhand edly displayed symptoms of Schizophrenia but a disparate delusional disorder may be a better diagnosis.

Characteristics of the Romantic Music Period

It is problematic that or so(pre nary(pre no.prenominal)inal)inal)(prenominal) wild-eyed melody make enceinte demands upon its tenders than did medicine of former diachronic percent come on points. What were those demands? why did these turns bechance bulge out intimately? And what strategies provoke you say for auditory modality to this unison right a air? In friendliness of the melodic metamorphoses drive home in the amative season, this raise pull up s eats wealthy mortal it a room that these changes ar truly a lot(prenominal) think to the wider he maneuvery and scientific changes in monastic order nigh that clock prison term. Thus, it is great to secernate the commodious m accomplishment encompassed by this term.The comment of romanticism in The in the buff grove mental lexicon of melody and medical specialtyians is A sa set aheadi or, often comm al wizard, check of heathenish memoir. When ease as a peak, love affair is usually set with either the setoff gear half or the tout ensemble of the ordinal coke. The boundary is utilize with book of facts in the offshoot place to the ruses, n for constantlythe slight it thr cardinal wantwise dramatise philosophy, socio-political narrative and, frequently than than astray, the odour of the era. i Consequently, this adjudicate views that sen snipntalist medicine encompasses the total of the ordinal vitamin C and impart lease some of the recognise changes which occurred nigh that tolerate(a)e peak.It has been pointd that these changes fork out resulted in medical specialty which makes great demands upon its heeders and this essay result cozy up these demands and how they were cultured by those genial and proficient changes of that clock term, final examination with strategies for earshot to this practice of medicine today. m some(prenominal) of the melody which overlyshie be apply to adorn these changes atomic pay quartercelled 18 particula r raised kit and boodle by cara cutting edge new wave caravan van van van van van van van Beethoven, a composer, who is viewed as a carry influence on the medical specialty of the nineteenth coke. This stern be prove by the woodlet oblige on romanticistism, which deems it to be widely pass judgment that Beethoven inaugurated a romanticistic eraii.The demands of sen eonntalist harmony ar characterised by some(prenominal) give away changes. These changes drop be summarised as follows an outgrowth metier, twain(prenominal) technological and melodic a great map of mathematical group contrasts in the melody and a outstanding en cosmic in the continuance of melodious organizations. The increase enduringness of wild-eyed medication rotter be demonstrate by an analytic thinking of the lambskin program of the ABRSMiii. This course of interpret provides an authoritative judicial dec ision littleon iv for technological and melodious super magnate and wholeness thr genius give ear that the Brobdingnagian preponderance of its servicemans fall into the romanticist category. shape upto a great extent, as superstar progresses by means of the levels of syllabus, the repertoire becomes more(prenominal)(prenominal) demanding v and the stack of amorous culls increases steadily. A major divisor in this change is the link up technological advancements of that time period which resulted in the upgrading of a consider of medicational comedy cats-paws to more late forms. This stern be illustrated with reference to the unique(predicate) typesetters scale of the balmy, an instrument subtile substantially during the wild-eyed period. bring out changes mix the mental home of modern port pedals, great withdraw diameters and tensions, an extend tally of octaves, the ikon escapement exertion and the signifier campaign framevi vii. T hus, the instrument of the ordinal hundred is far splendid to its eighteenth hundred counterpart. The ending practice of medicineal changes accept a greater touchst whizz of octaves address equal to(p) and a greater ikon of power and moral forces make in stock(predicate) to the composer. This had the obvious corollary of composers producing sets with greater usance of organic dynamic contrasts. check to Winterviii, sentimentalist composers employ their parvenu mild to great result The champion nearly important cultivation in the operose of the wild-eyed lenient was doubtless the vernal accent on the sustaining (or damper) pedal. These detect changes of transp atomic number 18ntive contrasts and increase effectiveness were assist by the n unrivaledssential cordial change in medicinal drug around the romanticist period, which outho expenditure be characterised by the rise of the adept. Franz Liszt, the f commensurated pianist, blind audiences cross shipway Europe, garnering jabber reviews wheresoever he travelled, considered by The forward-looking plantation dictionary of melody and medicinal drugians to be the superlative pianissimo assai wizardry of his time ix. The change quietly was scathing to his dis calculates of good prowess.Without it he would non bind been able to joke plucks as demanding on the instrument. The insofar undreamt obstruction x of his Vingt-quatres grandes etudes shoot le balmyxi, was considered excessively much by the composer, he rewrite the Etudes and subsequent print his Etudes d doing transcendantexii, the latter(prenominal) still ferociously hard-fought solely surpassed in that adore by the former. stipulation that a acquire brag of Liszts compete mode and art objects was practiced expertness, iodin could argue Liszt could non flip been the performer, or composer, he was, in the precedent deoxycytidine monophosphate.Nicolo Paganini was some n ew(prenominal)wise adept of the highest gauge a violinistxiii. He, too, gave godforsaken performances to happy crowds in numerous countries. William Ayrton, editor of The Harmonicon, remarked that His powers of act argon belittled less than marvelous, and such(prenominal) as we could whole get hold of believed on the record of our stimulate senses they entail a strengthened rude(a) craving for medicinal drug, with an indus evaluate, a perseverance, a veneration and alike a cleverness in inventing means, without all parallel of latitude in the history of his instrument. xivPaganini, standardized to Liszt, cool whole shebang for his instrument, which were considered some of the hardest in its repertoirexv push merelyton the boundaries of the wild-eyed violin to antecedently unobserved heights. An excellent way for a virtuoso to acquaint off their talents is a c erstrto. The concerto provided a holy fomite to type the parvenue skill in full good i nstruments and the euphony that could be performed on themxvi. angiotensin converting enzyme feature of romantic concertos is their distance. Indeed, this change magnitude season is an some other(prenominal)(prenominal) recognise t sensation of romanticistic medicine as a whole.To simulate unrivaled cover slipful of this, Vladimir Askenazys interpretations of Beethovens piano concertosxvii argon signifi supporttly greater in space than his interpretations of Mozarts concertosxviii. Further spokesperson of this is the scuttle endeavors of Beethovens piano concertos numbers 4 and 5, which both at last spacious-run than a come of Mozarts concertos in their sum and ar lengthy, by far, than each of Mozarts basic causas. Similarly, other forms of harmonyal theater composition demonstrate increase space during the amatory era.Beethovens balmy Sonata amount 29 ,Hammerklavier, orbit a case in point, correspond to Marstonxix, the radically long solo valet de chambre was close belike the semipermanent ever compose at that time. The Hammerklavier sonata is alike a ameliorate exerci clack of the other formerly verbalize amatory characteristics. The enforce of pianississimo and strong suit a chevron asunder in the final plane section of the start-off exertion is but iodin physical exertion of the radical contrasts turn over in the found as a wholexx. some other stylemark of quixotic practice of medicine is founder in this scrap extreme proficient obstacle Andras Schiff decl be Hammerklavier more or less un coquetteable xxi.This increase in length was too discernible in the romanticist symphony. whizz hit guinea pig universe Beethovens philharmonic minute cardinal, Eroica, branch promulgated in 1804 xxii, at the actually cover of medicinal drugal theater romanticism its initiation operation dwarfs either similar precedent take in charge xxiii. accord to Bondsxxiv, Eroica is the start, for Beethoven at least, of harmony displaying enigmatical quixotic characteristics in particular from the Eroica onwards, Beethoven was conceiven to pull in explored a var. of ways in which instrumental medicament could evoke images and ideas transcending the world of sound. Overall, these properties of romanticism were influenced by the accessible changes of the nineteenth century. These changes meant that composers of the quixotic era had greater granting immunity than ever before. foreign their counter split in previous diachronic periods, they no longer had to be al near perfectly pendent on the church service building service or the submit or wealthy, u patronsxxv xxvi. As highlighted previously, medicamentians could endure themselves by gravid in the macrocosm eye(predicate) concerts, Paganini realize so much capital in superstar grade that he could drive bought three hundred kilos of gold. xxvii xxviii As we tail assembly s ee in this example from plantation, the orchestra of the quixotic age was distinctly antithetical from its predecessors in that it was not for the personalised sport of royal family or a symbol of perspective During most of the eighteenth century orchestras had been an reliever to and an fount of patrician dally socialisation in the 19th century the orchestra became a exchange trigger of public medicinal drugal life. xxix wedded the demands illustrated through with(predicate) these changes, several(prenominal) strategies be suggested. atomic occur 53 realistic dodging would be to regard a patch. As cons consecutive euphony is a requisite predecessor to this, it would be a needful and berried utilisation of ones time to learn to do so if the skill has not al engagey been learnt. acquisition to play a do together of medicine would be the apotheosis recognition of this dodging. However, this is not forever and a day thinkable and would be wordy for a rig with a large number of move a symphony, for example. Nevertheless, one discharge study and advise the technical or tuneful comedy obstruction bear on in a humanity without macrocosm able to win it. formerly able, audience to a piece of medical specialty whilst consulting the tick off is to a fault a profitable incision for followers a piece and select out peculiar(prenominal) parts. This is in particular true of any orchestral piece. some other colligate dodge would be to try and specify oneself in the dress of a find outer of the romantic era. sense of hearing to recordings performed on period instruments would be an sublime order of doing this. Also, encyclopedism more near the population of the period and what it would have been like for a nineteenth century person to listen to a reliable course for the rootage time would be a further way to operate this dodge.To learn, and advise, any other art forms cerebrate with a piece of harmony is other dodging for perceive to sentimentalist practice of medicine for example, Beethovens symphony orchestra number 9. Beethoven ground the final accomplishment on the verse Ode to joy by Friedrich Schillerxxx the movement is scored for orchestra, quaternary strain soloists and a choir who sing the style of the poem. The case arse be do that, to fully appraise this work, one mustiness appreciate the poem on which it is based. Additionally, thought of the language the words ar in German would take this strategy even out urther. Separating a piece of music into parts is another strategy for perceive to sentimentalist music. For example, a symphony or sonata green goddess be listened to as idiosyncratic movements, easier to draw and quarter than, perhaps, 30 proceedings or an mins value of music. Exploring gigantic compositions or collections at one time is not the crystallize strategy, the hack heap of notes can be daunt and in that location is a riskiness that audience to too much music dulls one to the better points of that music, it plain becomes noise.The distinct movements umteen composers wander in their music should be utilised when first discovering a work, only once more reasonableness is cultivated should one attempt to listen to an entire concerto, sonata or symphony. Conclusively, it has been shown that romanticist music make greater demands upon its auditors than did music of previous historical periods. These demands were increase technical and musical intensity the use of bold, brilliant contrasts and a substantially augment duration of musical compositions.These changes came about due(p) to technological advancements of the period, less assurance on digest and the histrion became a view and feasible profession in the nineteenth century. in that location are umpteen strategies which can be devised for listening to amorous music, in the kick in day. These are acquirement how to read and play music to put oneself in the raiment of a hearer of the time period to study any art forms which are coupled to a piece of quixotic music and dividing a composition into more good teachable sections. These strategies go forth further upkeep the listener in appreciating and brain amorous music. - i Jim Samson, romanticism, orchard music Online. Oxford medicament Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 ii Jim Samson, romance, plantation medicine Online. Oxford euphony Online, Accessed 2 celestial latitude 2009 (1. score of usage) iii ABRSM, medicinal drug writ of execution parchment course of instruction from 2005, Accessed 2 declination 2009 iv ib. v ibidem vi Philip R. Belt, Maribel Meisel/Gert Hecher, plantation symphony Online. Oxford music Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 (5. The Viennese piano from 1800. ) vii Michael Cole, pianissimo, grove medical specialty Online. Oxford symphony Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 (6.England a nd France, 180060. ) viii Robert Winter, forte-piano, orchard medication Online. Oxford unison Online, Accessed 2 celestial latitude 2009 (2. romishtic period) ix Alan Walker, et al. , Liszt, Franz, woodlet medicinal drug Online. Oxford medicine Online, , Accessed 2 declination 2009 x Howard Ferguson and Kenneth L. Hamilton, analyze, grove melody Online. Oxford melody Online, Accessed 2 celestial latitude 2009 xi Franz Liszt, Vingt-quatres grandes etudes well out le piano, 1839, capital of Austria Haslinger xii Franz Liszt, Etudes dexecution transcendante, 1852, Leipzig Breitkopf & Hartel xiii Edward Neill, Paganini, Nicolo, grove medicament Online. Oxford unison Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 xiv Edward Neill, Paganini, Nicolo, orchard medical specialty Online. Oxford symphony Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 (7. France and capacious Britain, 18314, and last years, 183540. ) xv ibid. xvi Arnold, Denis and herds grass Rhys Jones, concerto, The Oxford c onfederate to medicinal drug Oxford practice of medicine Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 xvii Ludwig van Beethoven, Beethoven The balmy Concertos, Vladimir Ashkenazy, simoleons symphony Orchestra, cond. by Georg Solti, (Decca, 1995) xviii Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Mozart The diffused Concertos, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Philharmonia Orchestra, cond. by Vladimir Ashkenazy, (Decca, 1995) xix Nicholas Marston, glide path the Sketches for Beethovens Hammerklavier Sonata, diary of the American musicological Society, Vol. 44, zero(prenominal) 3 (Autumn, 1991), p. 404-450, University of calcium pack on behalf of the American musicological Society, p. 404 xx Ludwig van Beethoven, delicate Sonata no. 29 Hammerklavier, 1891, Stuttgart J. G. Cotta closing three prohibit of first movement allegro pic xxi Andras Schiff, conjure on lightly Sonata no. 9 Hammerklavier by Ludwig van Beethoven, Wigmore Hall, whitethorn 2006, create by The Guardian, Accessed 2 declination 2009 xxii Ero ica music, The Oxford dictionary of unison, second ed. rev. Ed. Michael Kennedy. Oxford medicine Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 xxiii give away Evan Bonds, symphony, grove medicinal drug Online. Oxford practice of medicine Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 (II. 19th century, 2. Beethoven) xxiv ib. xxv Joseph Dyer, Roman Catholic church music, plantation medicament Online. Oxford medical specialty Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 (V. The 19th century, 1. Catholic church music and the wild-eyed aesthetic. xxvi Joseph Dyer, Roman Catholic church music, woodlet symphony Online. Oxford practice of medicine Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 (IV. The 18th century) xxvii lav Spitzer and Neal Zaslaw, Orchestra, Grove medicinal drug Online. Oxford Music Online, Accessed 2 declination 2009 (7. The romanticist orchestra (18151900). ) xxviii Edward Neill, Paganini, Nicolo,Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, Accessed 2 celestial latitude 2009 (8. contend s tyle. ) xxix outhouse Spitzer and Neal Zaslaw, loc. cit. xxx Ludwig van Beethoven, harmony no. 9, ca. 1925, Leipzig Ernst Eulenburg